← Encyclopedia

Family · skin

Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide)

Afamelanotide, Scenesse, [Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH

Research useEducational entry
Mechanism

A synthetic tridecapeptide analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that acts as a melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) agonist, increasing eumelanin production. As the drug afamelanotide (Scenesse), it is a longer-acting, more stable α-MSH analog than the native hormone.

Evidence

Well-characterized as the approved drug afamelanotide, supported by randomized controlled trials in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Note: the grey-market 'Melanotan-1' sold as a self-tanning agent is an unregulated product with no approved indication and is not the same as pharmaceutical, physician-administered afamelanotide.

Applications
  • Approved (afamelanotide/Scenesse) to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)
  • Studied in other light-sensitivity and pigmentary disorders
  • Grey-market non-approved use for skin tanning (not an authorized indication)
Protocol

Educational overview only — no dosing instructions in the public hub. Afamelanotide is a prescription-only implant administered by a physician under its approved indication.

Risks

Reported drug-label warnings include hypersensitivity reactions and the need for skin monitoring. Grey-market 'Melanotan' products carry additional risks from unknown purity, dosing, and unsupervised use; long-term safety of non-approved tanning use is not established.

Quality

Only physician-administered afamelanotide is a regulated pharmaceutical product. For any research material, third-party CoA (purity + quantification + MS) is the minimum verification; grey-market tanning products are unregulated.

Legal status

Afamelanotide (Scenesse) is approved by the EMA (2014) and FDA (2019) for erythropoietic protoporphyria as a prescription implant. Marketing or use of 'Melanotan-1' for cosmetic tanning is not approved and is restricted or prohibited in many jurisdictions.

✓ Last reviewed · 2026-07-21

Frequently asked questions

What is Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide) used for?
Approved (afamelanotide/Scenesse) to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Studied in other light-sensitivity and pigmentary disorders. Grey-market non-approved use for skin tanning (not an authorized indication). Well-characterized as the approved drug afamelanotide, supported by randomized controlled trials in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Note: the grey-market 'Melanotan-1' sold as a self-tanning agent is an unregulated product with no approved indication and is not the same as pharmaceutical, physician-administered afamelanotide.
Is Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide) legal in Europe?
Afamelanotide (Scenesse) is approved by the EMA (2014) and FDA (2019) for erythropoietic protoporphyria as a prescription implant. Marketing or use of 'Melanotan-1' for cosmetic tanning is not approved and is restricted or prohibited in many jurisdictions.
What are the risks and side effects of Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide)?
Reported drug-label warnings include hypersensitivity reactions and the need for skin monitoring. Grey-market 'Melanotan' products carry additional risks from unknown purity, dosing, and unsupervised use; long-term safety of non-approved tanning use is not established.
How is the quality of Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide) assessed?
Only physician-administered afamelanotide is a regulated pharmaceutical product. For any research material, third-party CoA (purity + quantification + MS) is the minimum verification; grey-market tanning products are unregulated.